W一?药品名称
一、进口药英文说明书的l构?BR>
“药品说明书”的英文表达方式有InstructonsQDirectionsQDescription 现在多用Package InsertQ或U?InsertQ也有用Leeflet或Data Sheets。Insert原意为“插入物Q插”。药品说明书即ؓ(f)附在每种药品包装盒中的一份用药说明。经q注册的q口药品一般是国家承认的有效药物,其说明书是指导医生与(zhn)者合理用药的重要依据Q具有一定的法律效力?BR>
q口药的英文说明书随药品来源的不同,有以p为母语的国家Q也有以p为外语的国家。说明书J简难易不同。短者仅百余词,长者可达上万词。较单的(zhn)明书仅介绍成分、适应症、禁忌症、用法与用量{内容;较详的说明书中除上q内容外q包括:(x)药品性状、药理作用、(f)床药理、(f)床前动物试验、(f)床经验、药代动力学、庄意事V不良反应或副作用、用药过量、药物的怺作用、警告、有效期、包装、贮存条件、?zhn)者须知及参考文献等诸多目?BR>
Z利阅读和正翻译进口药英文说明书,读者除应具备较好的p基础Q掌握一定的专业知识Q如d、化学、药剂学、药理学、药物代谢动力学{)外,q应熟?zhn)英文药品说明书的l构及语a待点{。大多数英文说明书都包括以下内容Q①药品名称QDrug NameSQ,②性状QDescriptionQ,③药理作用(Pharmacological ActionsQ,④适应症(IndicationsQ,⑤禁忌证QContraindicationsQ,⑥用量与用法QDOsage and AdministrationQ.⑦不良反应(Adverse ReactionsQ。⑧注意事项QPrecautionsQ,⑨包装(PackageQ,⑩贮?StorageQ,օ他项目(OthersQ?BR>
现将各项专题的表q方法与译、结构特炏V常用词语及阅读技巧等分述如下?BR>
二、药品名UͼW一?
英文药品说明书中常见的药品名U有商品名( Trade Name?Proprietary NameQ,通用名( Generic
NameQ和化学名(Chemical NameQ,其中最常见的是商品名。例如,日本田边有限公司生的熊L胆酸
片,其商品名?UrsosanQTabletsQ:(x)通用名ؓ(f) Ursodesoxycholic AcidQ熊L胆酸Q;化学名ؓ(f)3a,7p dihydroxy-5p-Cholanoic acidQ?aQ?p二羟?p胆烷酸)。有时同一U药品,不同的厂家用不同的商品名称?BR>
药品说明书中的标题药名用其商品名。有时在其右上角Q或在上角)有一(R)标记Q例如ADRIBLASTNA(R)Q阿霉素Q,TEGRETOLQ痛痉宁Q。“R”是RegisterQ注册)的羃写,(R)表示该品已l本国的有关部门核准Q取得了此项专用的注册商标(Registered Trade MarkQ。有时在商品名之下(或后Q又列有通用名或化学?例如Q?RulideQ罗力得Q之下列有(RoxithromycinQ罗U霉素)Q?MinipressQ脉宁^Q之后列有(Praxosin HCIQ盐酸哌唑嗪Q; Nitro-DurQ护心脓(chung)片〕之下又列有Q?NitroglycerinQ硝酸甘油)?BR>
药品名称的翻译可采用韌、意译、音意合译及谐音译意{方法?BR>
1、音译:(x)按英文药品名歌的读音译成相同或相q的汉语。如QTamoxitn它莫西芬QRitalin利他林,AmQ?BR>
cacin 阿米卡星。音译较为方便,但不能表意?BR>
2、意译:(x)按药品名U所表达的含意译成相应的汉语。例如:(x)cholic Acid 胆酸QTetracyline四环?也可
按其药理作用译Q如QMinidiab灭糖(ȝp尿病药物)QNatulan疗治癌(l胞(yu)生长抑制剂)QUraly消石素(ȝ\l石药物Q等?
3、音意合译:(x)药品名称中的一部分采用韌Q另一部分采用意译.例如QCoumadin香豆定(coumarin?BR>
豆素Q,Neo-Octin新握克丁Qneo-斎ͼQMedemycin麦_霉素Q-mycin 霉素Q,Cathinone卡西酮(Qone酮)?BR>
4、谐韌意:(x)以音译ؓ(f)原则Q选用谐音的汉字,既表韻I又表意,xl合。例如:(x)Antrenyl安胄灵,Doriden多睡丹,Legalon利肝隆,W(xu)ebilin胃必?商品名称可以q样LQ而法定名U则规定不可以这L(fng)译?BR>如需转蝲Q请注明来自QFanE『翻译中国』http;//www.FanE.cn
药品的化学名U反映出该药品的化学l构l成成分Q可借助英汉化学化工词典q行译。如果名U很长,可以分解开来,分别查出各个l成部分的名Uͼl合而成。例如:(x)CatalinQ卡他林Q的化学名称?QHvdroxy- 5Qoxo-5HQpyridoQ?Q?QaQ-PhenoxazineQ?-carboxylic acid,译成汉语?-基Q?Q氧Q?HQ吡啶开(3Q?Qa)?嗪-3Q羧酸。如能掌握一些常用的酸、碱、盐、基因、化合物的英文名Uͼ以及常用的前~、后~{,译时会(x)利得多。例如:(x)chloride氯化物,sulfateQsulphateQ硫酸盐Qacetyl一乙酰基,amino氨基Qdi-二,dihydro-二氢。nitro-基Q-ester酯,Qlactone内酯Q-one酮、-oxide氧化物,Qurea脲等{?
Zl一药品名称的译名,卫生部药典委员会(x)已拟定出原料药和辅料命名原则Qƈ刊行?lt;药名词汇>一书,可供译英文药品名称时参考?BR>
W二?性状
许多药品说明书的W一Ҏ(gu)DescriptionQ性状Q,其原意是“叙q”、“描写”,在药品说明书及药怸一般都译ؓ(f)“性状”,其内容主要是介绍外观、理化性质、组成成分、结构、特征等。这一Ҏ(gu)常用的标题是DescriptionQ此外还可能有其他的表示法,如:(x)
Chemical Structure 化学l构
Composition 成分
Physical and Chemical Properties 理化性质
q一中的英语词汇除一部分化学专业词汇外,多ؓ(f)常用词,借助英汉化学化工词典及英汉词典即可通读?BR>
一、本中常见的句?BR>
?QFolic acid is a yellowish to orange, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless.
叉是E黄色x色结晶粉沫,无臭或几乎无臭?BR>
?QIntralipos 10% is a white opaque fat emulsion for intravenous injection, containing 10 W/V % of purified soybean oil.
脂肪乛_Q?0%Q是白色Q不透明Q供静脉注射用的脂肪乛_Q含?0%QW/VQ的_ֈ大豆沏V?BR>
?QUrsosan Tablet 50mg is a white plain tablet which contains 50mg of ursodesoxycholic acid.
熊去氧胆酸片为白色素片,每片?0mg熊去氧胆酸?BR>
?QSterile pyrogen-free, orange red, freeze-dried powder in vials containing 10mg and 50mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride with lactose.
Q本品)为小瓶装Q灭菌无热原Q桔U色d_沫Q每瓶含有10mg?0mg阉K素盐酸盐与^p?/P>
?QIt occurs as a white to off-white, crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, dilute acid and most organic solvents.
本品Q炎痛息P为白色至cȝ色结晶固体,难溶于水、稀酸及大多数有机溶剂中?BR>
?QPamine, chemically known as epoxytropine tropate methylbromide, has the empirical formula C18H24NO4Br and the molecular weight 398.3.
哌明的化学名UCؓ(f)环氧莨菪托品酸酯溴代甲P实验式ؓ(f)C18H24NO4BrQ分子量?98.3?BR>
?QKanendomycin is a very stable antibiotic, and its activity does not decrease when the powder is placed in an airlight container and kept at room temperatures for more than 2 years.
卡内多霉素是一U很E_的抗生素Q其_沫|于密封容器中,在室温下保存二年以上Q活性不减?BR>
?QThis product is prepared from units of human plasma which have been tested and found nonreactive for hepatitis associated (Australia) antigen.
本品׃h血制备,此血业l检验,q且证明对肝炎(澛_利亚Q抗原无反应?BR>
二、本中常用的词?BR>
1、表C组成、制备的词及短语Q如Q?BR>
be derived from 由……衍?BR>
consist of 由……组?BR>
be obtained 制得
contain 含有
be prepared from 由……制?BR>
have (possess) 有(hQ?BR>
2、表C性质的一些词c,如:(x)
colo(u)r 颜色
stable E_?BR>
taste 味道
molecular formular 分子?BR>
odo(u)rless 无臭?BR>
molecular weight 分子?BR>
crystalline l晶?BR>
structure l构
solubility 溶解?BR>
injection 注射?/P>
insoluble 不溶?BR>
solution 溶液
odo(u)r 气味
tablets 片剂
colo(u)rless 无色?BR>
derivative 衍生?BR>
tasteless 无味?BR>
liquid 液体
sterile 无菌?BR>
powder _沫
soluble 可溶?BR>
solid Z
q有许多其他词汇Q不能一一列D。记住这些常用词寚wL内容大有益处?BR>
W三?药理作用
如需转蝲Q请注明来自QFanE『翻译中国』http;//www.FanE.cn
有些说明书较详细Cl药品的药理作用(Pharmacological Actions)。其内容主要包括药理作用、(f)床药?Clinical Parmacology)、体外试?in vitro experiments)、药物代?Metabolism)、药?Potency)及毒?Toxicity){。这一常用的标题是:(x)
Pharmacological Action 药理作用
Pharmacological Properties 药理性质
Pharmacology 药理?BR>
Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理
其他的表C方法还有:(x)
Actions 作用
Actions and Properties 作用与性质
Clinical Effect (Use) 临床效果Q用途)
Mechanism of Action 作用机理
Mode of Action 作用方式
如果药品的一U抗生素Q可能出玎ͼ(x)
Biological Action 生物zL?BR>
Microbiology 微生物学
此外Q还有一此其他的表示Ҏ(gu)Q这里不一一列D?BR>
q一目中涉及的词汇范围包括药理学、生理学、化学、毒理学、微生物学及d{学U,专业词汇多,是较Nȝ一部分内容Q阅L可参阅《英汉医学词汇》、《英汉微生物学词汇》及《英汉化学化工词汇》等工具书。另外,q会(x)遇到许多~写词,如:(x)CNSQ中枢神l系l)、EEGQ脑?sh)图Q、LD50Q半数致d量)、ECGQ心?sh)图Q等Q这些羃写词可在英汉d~略语词怸查到?BR>
一、常见句型D?BR>
?. Mean peek serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.
肌注后约30~50分钟之间妥布毒素的^均血药浓度达到高峰?BR>
?. Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates.
戊巴比妥钠对中枢经pȝ产生抑制作用Qƈ昄戊巴比妥cȝ有的镇静催眠作用?BR>
?. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs.
临床试验证实Q本品疗效高Q可改善已改变了的脑循环Q之恢复正常,ȝ与四肢动脉血不畅有关的疄?BR>
?. Orbenin is stable to staphylococcal penicillinase, and highly effective against resistant staphylococci.It is bactericidal, acid-stable and well absorbed by either the oral or the intramuscular route.
全霉林对葡萄球菌的青霉素酶稳定,对耐药葡萄球菌十分有效。本品具杀菌、耐酸作用Q且口服或肌注吸收良好?BR>
?. Nystain has been found to inhibit the growth of yeast like flora in the intestinal tract.
已查明制霉菌素在肠道内可抑制菌丛c酵母菌的生ѝ?BR>
?. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant.
已证明芬那露是疗效很好的横纹肌松施药?BR>
?. Halcion is a potent short-acting hypnotic agent, which produces its hypnotic activity from the first night of administration.
好而睡是一U强力速效催眠药,它从服药后的W一个夜晚开始生催眠作用?BR>
?. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream.
如需转蝲Q请注明来自QFanE『翻译中国』http;//www.FanE.cn
从治疗上看,三磷酸腺h剂昄了非常好的效果,特别是在zd经的功能及代谢Q以及舒张冠状与外周血以增加血方面更是如此?BR>
二、常用词及短语D?BR>
1、动?BR>
absorb 吸收
act 作用
cause (be cause by) 引vQ由……引P
demonstrate 昄
exert (action on) 起……作?/P>
exhibit 昄
inhibit 抑制
accumulate U蓄
administrate 投药
excrete 排泄
result in D indicate 表明
maintain l持
produce 产生
protect (from) 保护Q不变)
reach 辑ֈ
show 昄Q表?BR>
treat ȝ
metabolize 代谢
promote 促进
prevent LQ预?BR>
tolerate 耐受
2、Ş容词
(be) active (effective) against 对…有效的
(be) related to 与……有关的
(be) sensitive to 对……敏感的
resistant to ……有耐药性的 average q_?BR>
minimum 最低()?BR>
maximum 最高(大)?BR>
normal 正常?BR>
3、名?BR>
ability 能力
activity zL?BR>
distribution 分布
excretion 排泄
action 作用
clearance 廓清?BR>effect on 对…的作用
function 功能Q作?BR>
half life 半衰?BR>
in vitro 体外 kidney ?BR>
mechanism 机理
serum concentration 血清浓?BR>
tolerance 耐受?BR>
infection 感染
in vivo 体内
level 水^Q浓?BR>
plasm lever 血浓度(水^Q?BR>
toxicity 毒?BR>
以上仅D部分例词Q此外还有许多专业词汇和基础词汇请参阅有兌料?BR>
W四?适应?BR>
“适应症”最常用的有以下几种表示Ҏ(gu)
Indications适应?BR>
Indications and Usage 适应症与用?BR>
Major(Principal)Indications 主要适应?BR>
Uses用?BR>
Action and Use作用与用?BR>
偶尔也会(x)见到其他的表C方法?BR>如需转蝲Q请注明来自QFanE『翻译中国』http;//www.FanE.cn
本项中出现频率最高的是疾病名UC及微生物Q尤其是致病菌)的名Uͼ如:(x)
angina pectoris 心绞?BR>
cancer?BR>
diabetesQmellitusQ糖病
hypertension 高血?BR>
gram-positive microorganisms(bacteria)革兰氏阳性菌
virus 病毒
gramQnegative mcroorgansmsQbacteriaQ革兰氏阴性菌
E.coli 大肠杆菌
q些词汇可借助英汉d词典q行阅读和翻译,只要掌握了这些词意,卛_了解本项基本内容?/P>
一、常见句?BR>
本项是说明书的重点,从句子结构来分析Q大致有以下几种cd?BR>
1、不完全句结构.仅列出疾病或微生物的名称Q例如:(x)
?、Angina pectoris, Prinzmetal‘s angina,hypertension
心绞痛,变异性心l痛Q高血压?BR>
?2 The following diseases caused by bacteria including gramQpositive and gramQnegative bacteria such as StaphylococcusQStreptcoccus, Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae…?BR>
用于ȝ由革兰氏x和革兰氏阴性细菌,如葡萄球菌、链球菌。大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌……引L(fng)下列疄…?BR>
2 由ForQ或In{)引出的短语,例如Q?BR>
? For prevention of the advance of cataract.
用于预防白内障进展?BR>
?4 In the treatment of all forms of pulmonary tubercuosis in association with other antitubercular drugs.
与其他抗l核药配伍,ȝ各种cd肺结核?BR>
3.To+动词原Ş构成的短语,如:(x)
?5 To prevent the formation of urinary calculiQespecially in cases where they tend to recur.
用于预防\Q特别是易发部位的结石的形成?BR>
? To protect the liver cell during administration of drugs hazardous to the liverQ?BR>
在服用对肝脏有危害的药物期间Q用以保护肝l胞(yu)?BR>
4,完整的句子结构或D落Q有时结构很复杂Q?BR>
?7 Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from GramQnegative sensitive speciesQthere included the Pseudomonas speciesQit may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci,
阿米卡星可用于治疗革兰氏x敏感菌Q其中包括假单孢菌)引v的感染,也可用于ȝ敏感葡萄球菌引v的感染?BR>
?8 Nebcin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible microorganismsQ?BR>
乃柏ƣ适用于治疗下列由敏感l菌引v的感染:(x)
?9 Octinum D has proved effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders arising from spasm of the smooth musculature.
新握克了已证实对qx肌痉挛引L(fng)病症有预防和ȝ作用?BR>
?0 Fungizone intravenous is especially intended to treat cryptococcosis…?BR>
注射用凡N特别适用于治疗隐球菌病。?BR>
?1 Kanamycin is active both in vitro and vivo against GramQpossitive and GramQnegative bacteria as well as acid-fast bacteria
卡那霉素在体外及体内寚w兰氏x和革兰氏阴性菌以及耐酸菌都有效?BR>
?2 Benemid is recommended for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during anti-infective therapy.
丙磺舒被推荐用于ȝ痛风及痛风关节炎Q及在强化抗感染ȝ时增加ƈ廉青霉素类及头孢菌素类的血浓度?BR>
?13 Information available at present suggests that Oncovin may be useful either alone or in conjunction with other oncolytic drugs for the treatment of acute leukaemias …?BR>
据现有资料表明,酸长春新碱可单独用,亦可与其他溶瘤细?yu)药物合用,以治疗急性白血病…?BR>
?4 Adriamycin is frequenly used in combination chemotherapy regiments with other cytotoxyc drugs.
阉K素常与其他细?yu)毒药物合用于化疗方案?BR>
?15 Concomitant therapy with other calcium antagonists, antihypertensives and alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive action of the drug.
与其他的钙桔抗剂、抗高血压药物及酒精饮料同时使用Q会(x)增强本品的降低血压的作用?BR>
二、本中的常用词及短语D?BR>
许多常用词及疄名、微生物名词{与“药理作用”项cdQ此外还有以下词l与短语Q例句参见前文)?BR>
be active against对……有?BR>
be intended to…适用于…?BR>
be administared in …适用于?BR>
be of value of ?适用于…?BR>
be effective in QforQagainstQ…对…有?BR>
be recommended for 推荐用于…?BR>
be employed to …用于…?BR>
be used toQforQasQ…用于…?BR>
be helpful in ?用于…?BR>
be useful in ?用于…?BR>
be indicated inQforQ…适用于?BR>
forQinQ?the treatmentQmanagementQof?用于ȝQ控Ӟ
表示与“其他药物合用”的l构有:(x)
be associated with
in association with
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